The precepts are a condensed form of Buddhist ethical practice. They are often compared with the ten commandments of Christianity, however, the precepts are different in two respects: First, they are to be taken as recommendations, not commandments. This means the individual is encouraged to use his/her own intelligence to apply these rules in the best possible way. Second, it is the spirit of the precepts -not the text- that counts, hence, the guidelines for ethical conduct must be seen in the larger context of the Eightfold Path.
The first five precepts are mandatory for every Buddhist, although the fifth precept is often not observed, because it bans the consumption of alcohol. Precepts no. six to ten are laid out for those in preparation for monastic life and for devoted lay people unattached to families. The eight precepts put together number eight and nine and omit the tenth. Lay people may observe the eight precepts on Buddhist festival days. Ordained Theravada monks undertake no less than 227 precepts, which are not listed here.
I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from ...
- ...harming living beings.
- ...taking things not freely given.
- ...sexual misconduct.
- ...false speech.
- ...intoxicating drinks and drugs causing heedlessness.
- ...taking untimely meals.
- ...dancing, singing, music and watching grotesque mime.
- ...use of garlands, perfumes and personal adornment.
- ...use of high seats.
- ...accepting gold or silver.
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